Human trafficking

Human trafficking is defined in the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol as involving three steps. Recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons; By means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of...

Forced labour

Forced labour is defined in the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention on Forced Labour 1930 as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself...

Slavery and slavery-like practices

Slavery is defined in the 1926 Slavery Convention as the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised. In a later treaty, States agreed that there are also certain ‘slavery-like practices’: debt...

Debt bondage

Debt bondage is a status or condition, where one person has pledged their labour or service (or that of someone under their control), in circumstances where the fair value of that labour or service is not reasonably applied to reducing the debt or length of debt, or...

Forced or servile marriage

The following are defined as practices “similar to slavery” in the 1956 Slavery Convention. Any institution or practice whereby: A woman, without the right to refuse, is promised or given in marriage on payment of a consideration in money or in kind to her...